Chasing Grand Corruption: Hurdles to detection, investigation and prosecution of complex cases across the EU

Investigating and prosecuting cross-border corruption remains a steeplechase with many hurdles to jump for law enforcement in the EU. Despite progress strengthening rules and improving cooperation, enforcement lags behind the speed and complexity of transnational corruption schemes.

Drawing on surveys and in-depth interviews with law enforcement and prosecutorial authorities in nine EU countries, this report explores the practical barriers that hinder investigations into corruption-related money laundering. The findings reveal a shared set of obstacles – from limited resources and outdated technology to restrictive interpretations of data protection and professional privilege rules – that slow or even prevent effective enforcement.

The analysis traces every stage of the investigative process: how corruption is detected, when and how investigations are launched, and what happens as cases move through national law enforcement systems. It also identifies how performance metrics, time limits and political sensitivities may disincentivise authorities from pursuing complex, high-level corruption cases.

By highlighting both weaknesses and good practices, the report shows how enforcement authorities can be better equipped, trained and empowered to act. It concludes with concrete recommendations for EU institutions and member states to strengthen capacity, improve cooperation and close the enforcement gaps that allow kleptocrats and their enablers to operate with impunity.

See also:

• Feature article: One click away? The barriers investigators face across the EU when tracing asset ownership