# Working Paper 04/2010: After the conflict: Nation-building and corruption URL: https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/working-paper-04-2010-after-the-conflict-nation-building-and-corruption Type: Publication or report Published: 2010-04-30 Updated: 2020-04-06 --- 30 April 2010 Globally, there are 26 ongoing armed conflicts and nearly one sixth of the world’s population lives in so-called ‘weak governance’ zones.1 In 2009 alone, the United Nations estimated that 42 million people were displaced due to conflict and persecution. ### Related publications ## [Enabler Accountability: Assessing Measures Taken against Professionals Implicated in Cases of Illicit Financial Flows from Africa](https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/enabler-accountability-illicit-financial-flows-africa) Publication • 31 March 2026 How often are enablers of illicit financial flows held to account? We examine criminal and administrative action, enforcement gaps and priorities for reform. ## [Digital disclosure of political finance in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean](https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/digital-disclosure-political-finance-africa-asia-pacific-latin-america-caribbean) Publication • 06 November 2025 This study reviews the approaches to digital disclosure of political party and candidate finance in three regions. ## [The role of business in fighting impunity and corruption to protect environmental defenders](https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/the-role-of-business-in-fighting-impunity-and-corruption-to-protect-environmental-defenders) Publication • 20 October 2025 The paper offers a roadmap for action, urging businesses, policymakers, and investors to embed integrity beyond compliance and strengthen protections for defenders and… ## [Public Loans, Private Gains: Addressing corruption across the debt cycle](https://www.transparency.org/en/publications/public-loans-private-gains-addressing-corruption-across-the-debt-cycle) Publication • 04 September 2025 This working paper explores how corruption risks permeate every stage of the sovereign debt cycle – from contracting and management to restructuring. ![](https://images.transparencycdn.org/images/Working_Paper_042010_AftertheConcflict_EN_116.jpg?auto=compress&fit=crop&fm=webp&w=1200) [Download](https://images.transparencycdn.org/images/2010_4__WP_AftertheConflict_EN.pdf)