# Corruption in sport initiative

URL: https://www.transparency.org/en/news/sport-integrity
Type: News
Published: 2016-02-22
Updated: 2019-11-19

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![](https://images.transparencycdn.org/images/620x1_transparentLine.png?auto=compress&fit=crop&fm=webp&w=620&h=348.75)

22 February 2016

![Banner for Transparency International Corruption in Sport Initiative](/images/uploads/feature/CorruptionInSport_Banner_940x150.jpg "Image: Creative Commons, Flickr / marfis")

**Sport is a multi-billion dollar business engaging billions of people**. It is also a global symbol of fair play and a source of great joy for many people on this planet, whether participating, attending or watching events.

With so much public involvement, political influence and money at stake, **corruption remains a constant and real risk**. Mounting scandals around match-fixing, major events and elections, and systemic deficiencies in sports governance are now so undermining public trust that it is reaching a tipping point.

**Keeping sports clean is therefore a global imperative**. Our goal is to ensure that sport can continue to “create a way of life based on (…) the educational value of good example and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles” (Olympic Charter).

## Stay informed

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#### Latest: [Ireland’s horror week in sport: perpetrators and victims of the unOlympic Games](http://blog.transparency.org/2016/08/17/irelands-horror-week-in-sport-perpetrators-and-victims-of-the-unolympic-games/)

Gareth Sweeney, editor of Transparency International's Global Corruption Report: Sport, takes a look at Irish involvement in Olympic scandals, both as a perpetrator and a victim. [Read more](http://blog.transparency.org/2016/08/17/irelands-horror-week-in-sport-perpetrators-and-victims-of-the-unolympic-games/)

#### Latest: [FIFA: another own goal?](http://blog.transparency.org/2016/05/20/fifa-another-own-goal/)

Deborah Unger, media contact for sport at Transparency International, explores the ramifications of recent decisions by the new FIFA leadership in the context of the ongoing reform process. [Read more](http://blog.transparency.org/2016/05/20/fifa-another-own-goal/)

### What we're doing

Transparency International aims to mobilise wider audiences in the fight against corruption through connecting the sports community to the wider movement against corruption. This ‘Corruption in Sport Initiative’ includes partnerships with experts, supporters and sponsors through new research, analysis, dialogue and key recommendations. Transparency International’s focus areas are:

- Improving the governance of sport organisations
- Strengthening the integrity of the bidding, awarding and hosting of major sporting events
- Preventing and combatting match-fixing

On 9 April 2015, we began publishing [new analysis and commentary](#articles) by leading experts in the field. We will continue to release new material linked to key sports events. Readers can sign up for updates [here](#signup).

This content was updated and published as Transparency International’s [Global Corruption Report](/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_report_sport) by Routledge in February 2016. [Read an introductory blog post](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/04/09/welcome-to-transparency-internationals-new-corruption-in-sport-initiative/) by the series editor, Gareth Sweeney.

![track and field image](/images/uploads/feature/Flickr_wwarby_Mens100Final_620x50.jpg "Image: Creative Commons, Flickr / wwarby")

### Articles, analysis and commentary

Close all·Open all **[Executive Summary – Global Corruption Report: Sport](/files/content/feature/ExecutiveSummary_Sweeney_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Gareth Sweeney, Transparency International*

**[Full Global Corruption Report](http://files.transparency.org/content/download/1961/12856/file/2016_GCRSport_EN.pdf)**

### 1: Governance of sport: the global view

**1.1 [Introduction: Sport as a force for good](/files/content/feature/1.1_SportForGood_Munro_GCRSport_1.pdf)**
*Bob Munro, [Mathare United FC](http://www.mathareunitedfc.com/) / [Kenyan Premier League](http://www.kpl.co.ke/)*

**1.2 [Fair play: ideals and realities](/files/content/feature/1.2_FairPlay_McLaren_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Richard H. McLaren, [McLaren Global Sport Solutions](http://www.mclarenglobalsportsolutions.com/)*

**1.3 [Autonomy and governance: necessary bedfellows in the fight against corruption in sport](/files/content/feature/1.3_AutonomyAndGovernance_Chappelet_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Jean-Loup Chappelet, [IDHEAP Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration](http://www.unil.ch/idheap/home.html)*

**1.4 [Obstacles to accountability in international sports governance](/files/content/feature/1.4_ObstaclesToAccountability_Pielke_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Roger Pielke Jr, [University of Colorado](http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/)*

**1.5 [Political interference, power struggles, corruption and greed: the undermining of football governance in Asia](/files/content/feature/1.5_PoliticalInterferenceAsia_Dorsey_GCRSport.pdf)**
*James M. Dorsey, [S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies](http://www.rsis.edu.sg/)*

**1.6 [Corruption in African sport: a summary](/files/content/feature/1.6_CorruptionAfricanSport_Tsuma_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Chris Tsuma, [Africa Centre for Open Governance (AfriCOG)](http://africog.org/)*

**1.7 [Impunity and corruption in South American football governance](/files/content/feature/1.7_ImpunityCorruptionSouthAmerica_Kfouri_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Juca Kfouri, [Folha de São Paulo](http://www.folha.uol.com.br/)*

**1.8 [Indicators and benchmarking tools for sports governance](/files/content/feature/1.8_IndicatorsAndBenchmarkingTools_Geeraert_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Arnout Geeraert, [Catholic University of Leuven](http://www.kuleuven.be/english)*

**1.9 [Examples of evolving good governance practices in sport](/files/content/feature/1.9_EvolvingGovernanceExamples_Pedersen_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Michael Pedersen, [M INC](http://minc.ch/)*

**1.10 [For the good of the game? Governance on the outskirts of international football](/files/content/feature/1.10_GoodOfGame_Menary_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Steve Menary, freelance journalist for [World Soccer](http://www.worldsoccer.com/) and contributor to BBC World Service's [World Football](http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p002vsyx)* | [Blog post](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/06/11/corruption-on-the-fringes-of-fifa/)

**1.11 [Image-laundering by countries through sports](/files/content/feature/1.11_Image-laundering_Westland_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Naomi Westland, [Amnesty International UK](https://www.amnesty.org.uk/)*

**1.12 [Opening the door to corruption in Hungary’s sport financing](/files/content/feature/1.12_OpeningTheDoor_LigetiMucsi_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Miklós Ligeti and Gyula Mucsi, [Transparency International Hungary](http://transparency.hu/en)*

**1.13 [Challenges and approaches to ensuring good governance in grassroots sport](/files/content/feature/1.13_ChallengesAndApproaches_Kirkeby_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Mogens Kirkeby, [International Sport and Culture Association (ISCA)](http://www.isca-web.org/english/)*

**1.14 [The Code of Ethics for sport in the Municipality of Milan: a grassroots approach against organised crime](/files/content/feature/1.18_CodeEthicsMilan_BonoliGozzoli_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Paolo Bertaccini Bonoli, [Transparency International Italy](http://www.transparency.it/) and Caterina Gozzoli, [Catholic University of Milan](http://asag.unicatt.it/)*

### 2: Money, markets and private interests in football

**2.1 [Offside: FIFA, marketing companies and undue influence in football](/files/content/feature/2.1_Offside_Chade_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Jamil Chade, [O Estadão](http://www.estadao.com.br/)*

**2.2 [Measuring the United Kingdom’s ‘offshore game’](/files/content/feature/2.2_MeasuringUKOffshoreGame_Turner_GCRSport.pdf)**
*George Turner, [Tax Justice Network](http://www.taxjustice.net/)*

**2.3 [Unfit, improper ownership in UK football clubs](/files/content/feature/1.14_ImproperOwnersUKFootball_Medhi_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Arjun Medhi, [UK Ministry of Defence](https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ministry-of-defence)* | [Blog post](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/09/18/football-needs-tough-anti-money-laundering-rules/)

**2.4 [Agents and beyond: corruption risks in the football transfer market and the need for reform](/files/content/feature/2.4_AgentsAndBeyond_Poli_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Raffaele Poli, [Football Observatory of the Centre International d’Étude du Sport, University of Neuchâtel](http://www.cies.ch/cies/home/)*

**2.5 [Third-party ownership of football players: human beings or traded assets?](/files/content/feature/2.5_Third-partyOwnershipOfPlayers_Baer-Hoffmann_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Jonas Baer-Hoffmann, [FIFPro](http://www.fifpro.org/en/)*

**2.6 [Origins, practice and regulation of third-party ownership in South America](https://www.transparency.org/files/content/feature/2.6_OriginsPracticesRegulation_BruinewoudBossart_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Alexandra Gómez Bruinewoud, [FIFPro](http://www.fifpro.org/en/), and [Gonzalo Bossart](https://twitter.com/gbossart), Alessandri, Bossart and Pacheco*

### 3: Events in the spotlight

**3.1 [The multiple roles of mega-events: mega-promises, mini-outcomes?](/files/content/feature/3.1_RoleOfEvents_Mueller_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Martin Müller, [University of Zurich](http://www.geo.uzh.ch/)*

**3.2 [Who bids for events and why?](/files/content/feature/3.2_WhoBidsAndWhy_Cornelissen_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Scarlett Cornelissen, [Stellenbosch University](http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/Departments/political_science)*  | [Blog post](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/04/23/mega-event-hosting-by-the-worlds-rising-powers-more-pitfalls-than-promises/)

**3.3 [The problem with sporting mega-event impact assessment](/files/content/feature/3.3_MegaEventImpact_Theodoraki_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Eleni Theodoraki, [Edinburgh Napier University](http://www.napier.ac.uk/)*

**3.4 [Corruption and the bidding process for the Olympics and World Cup](/files/content/feature/3.4_BiddingProcess_Zimbalist_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Andrew Zimbalist, [Smith College](http://www.smith.edu/)*

**3.5 [Compromise or compromised? The bidding process for the award of the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup](/files/content/feature/3.5_CompromiseOrCompromised_Szymanski_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Stefan Szymanski, [Michigan Center for Sport Management](http://www.kines.umich.edu/research/mcsm)*

**3.6 [The planning and hosting of sports mega-events: sources, forms and the prevention of corruption](/files/content/feature/3.6_PlanningAndHosting_Horne_GCRSport.pdf)**
*John Horne, [University of Central Lancashire](http://www.uclan.ac.uk/)*

**3.7 [Corruption in the planning of major sporting events: open issues](/files/content/feature/3.7_PreventingCorruptionInPlanning_Maenning_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Wolfgang Maenning, [Hamburg University](https://www.uni-hamburg.de/)*

**3.8 [Malpractice in the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games and the renovation of Shivaji Stadium](/files/content/feature/3.8_MalpracticeIn2010DelhiGames_Mishra_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Ashutosh Kumar Mishra, Transparency International India*

**3.9 [Preventing corruption ahead of major sports events: learning from the 2012 London Games](/files/content/feature/3.9_PreventingCorruption_Carpenter_GCRSport_4.pdf)**
*Kevin Carpenter, Principal & Consultant, [Captivate Legal & Sport Solutions](http://captivatelegalsports.com/)*

**3.10 [The 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics: who stands to gain?](/files/content/feature/3.10_SochiWhoGains_Golubchikov_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Oleg Golubchikov, [University of Cardiff](http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/)*

**3.11 [The need for transparency and monitoring ahead of the 2018 World Cup in Russia](/files/content/feature/2.11_2018WorldCupRussia_KovalJvirblis_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Anna Koval and Andrey Jvirblis, [Transparency International Russia](http://www.transparency.org.ru/)* | [Blog post](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/08/04/the-2018-world-cup-in-russia-must-be-transparent/) | [Сообщение блога](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/08/04/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5-%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB/)

**3.12 [Sporting mega-events, corruption and rights: the case of the 2022 Qatar World Cup](/files/content/feature/3.12_SportingMegaEvents_Burrow_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Sharan Burrow, [International Trade Union Confederation](http://www.ituc-csi.org/)*

**3.13 [The Brazilian experience: Brazil as 'role model'](/files/content/feature/3.13_BrazilianExperience_Gaffney_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Christopher Gaffney, [University of Zurich](http://www.uzh.ch/en.html)*

**3.14 [Rio 2016 and the birth of Brazilian transparency](/files/content/feature/3.14_Rio2016_SpaldingEtAl_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Andy Spalding, Pat Barr, Albert Flores, Kat Gavin, Shaun Freiman, Tyler Klink, Carter Nichols, Ann Reid and Rina Van Orden, [University of Richmond](http://www.richmond.edu/)* | [Preview blog](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/04/09/brazil-emerging/)

**3.15 [Sports mega-event legacies: from the beneficial to the destructive](/files/content/feature/3.15_SportsMegaEventLegacies_Lenskyj_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Helen Lenskyj, [University of Toronto](https://www.utoronto.ca/)*

**3.16 [Urban speculation by Spanish football clubs](/files/content/feature/3.16_UrbanSpeculation_RuizCrespo_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Nefer Ruiz Crespo, [Transparency International Spain](http://transparencia.org.es/)*

### 4: Match-fixing

**4.1 [Why sport is losing the war to match-fixers](/files/content/feature/4.1_WhySportIsLosing_Hill_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Declan Hill, investigative journalist*

**4.2 [The role of the betting industry](/files/content/feature/4.2_RoleBettingIndustry_VanRompuy_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Ben Van Rompuy, [ASSER Institute](http://www.asser.nl/sportslaw/)*

**4.3 [Cricket in Bangladesh: challenges of governance and match-fixing](/files/content/feature/4.3_CricketInBangladesh_ZamanSharminAlam_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Ifthekar Zaman, Rumana Sharmin and Mohammad Nure Alam, [Transparency International Bangladesh](http://www.ti-bangladesh.org/)*

**Online feature: [Why are countries taking so long to act on match-fixing?](/files/content/feature/Feature_TakingLongMatchFixing_Carpenter_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Kevin Carpenter, sports business and legal consultant*

**4.4 [The gap between sports institutions and the public will: responses to match-fixing in Lithuania](/files/content/feature/4.4_GapSportsInstitutionsPublicWill_Trumpyte_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Rugile Trumpyte, [Transparency International Lithuania](http://www.transparency.lt/en/)*

**4.5 [Australia’s ‘National Policy on Match-Fixing in Sport’](/files/content/feature/4.5_AustraliaNationalPolicy_Ellis_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Jane Ellis, [Transparency International Australia](http://transparency.org.au/)*

**4.6 [Match-fixing: the role of prevention](/files/content/feature/4.6_Match-fixingPrevention_Spitz_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Ulrike Spitz, [Transparency International Germany](https://www.transparency.de/)*

**4.7 [New media approaches to tackling match-fixing in Finnish football](/files/content/feature/4.7_NewMediaApproaches_Timonen_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Annukka Timonen, [Transparency International Finland](http://transparency.fi/)*

**4.8 [Prevention and education in match-fixing: the European experience](/files/content/feature/4.8_PreventionAndEducation_Unger_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Deborah Unger, [Transparency International](http://www.transparency.org/)*

**4.9 [The Austrian approach: How to combat match-fixing and promote integrity in sport](/files/content/feature/4.9_AustrianApproachCombatMatchFixing_Moritzer_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Severin Moritzer, [Play Fair Code](http://www.playfaircode.at/startseite)*

### 5: The US model: collegiate sports and corruption

**5.1 [The roots of corruption in US collegiate sport](/files/content/feature/5.1_RootsOfCorruptionUSCollegiateSport_Lopiano_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Donna Lopiano, [Sports Management Resources](http://www.sportsmanagementresources.com/)*

**5.2 [Academic fraud and commercialised collegiate athletics: lessons from the North Carolina case](/files/content/feature/5.2_AcademicFraudCollegiateAthletics_Smith_GCRSport.pdf)** | [Related blog post by Allen Sack](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/06/15/throwing-integrity-under-the-bus-to-keep-revenue-flowing-into-college-sport-in-the-united-states/)
*Jay M. Smith, [University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill](http://history.unc.edu/)*

**5.3 [The evolution of professional college sport in the United States](/files/content/feature/5.3_EvolutionOfProfessionalCollegeSport_Sack_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Allen Sack, [University of New Haven](http://www.newhaven.edu/)*

**5.4 [Inequality, discrimination and sexual violence in US collegiate sports](/files/content/feature/5.4_InequalityDiscriminationAndSexualViolence_BuzuvisNewhall_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Erin Buzuvis, [Western New England University](https://www.wne.edu/), and Kristine Newhall, [University of Massachusetts, Amherst](http://www.umass.edu/)*

### 6: The role of participants

**6.1 [The International Olympic Committee’s actions to protect the integrity of sport](/files/content/feature/6.1_IOCActions_Zappelli_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Pâquerette Girard Zappelli, [International Olympic Committee](http://www.olympic.org/ioc)*

**6.2 [Combating the risk of corruption in sport: an intergovernmental perspective](/files/content/feature/6.2_CombatingRiskCorruption_Frossard_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Stanislas Frossard, [Council of Europe, Enlarged Partial Agreement on Sport](http://www.coe.int/t/DG4/EPAS/default_en.asp)*

**6.3 [UNESCO: building on global consensus to fight corruption in sport](/files/content/feature/6.3_UNESCOBuildingConsensus_AlNashif_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Nada Al-Nashif, [UNESCO](http://en.unesco.org/)*

**6.4 [The role of Switzerland as host: moves to hold sports organisations more accountable, and wider implications](/files/content/feature/6.4_SwitzerlandAsHost_ValloniNeuenschwander_GCRSport.pdf)** | [Related blog post by Gareth Sweeney](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/09/24/switzerlands-changing-role-in-the-future-of-sport-2/)
*Lucien W. Valloni and Eric P. Neuenschwander, [Froriep](http://www.froriep.com/)*

**6.5 [Promoting integrity in sport: a sponsor’s perspective](/files/content/feature/6.5_PromotingIntegritySponsors_Fuller_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Jaimie Fuller, [SKINS](https://www.skins.net/intl/)*

**6.6 [A player’s perspective on the need for reform to enhance transparency and integrity in sports](/files/content/feature/6.6_PlayersPerspective_Saha_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Louis Saha, [Axis Stars](http://www.axisstars.com/)*

**6.7 [Organised athletes: a critical voice in sports governance](/files/content/feature/6.7_OrganisedAthletes_Schwab_GCRSport.pdf)** | [Blog post](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/09/11/organised-athletes-a-critical-voice-in-sports-governance/)
*Brendan Schwab, [Fédération Internationale des Associations Footballeurs Professionnels](http://www.fifpro.org/en/) and [UNI World Athletes](http://www.uniglobalunion.org/sectors/uni-world-athletes)*

**6.8 [The role of supporters in effective governance](/files/content/feature/6.10_RoleSupportersGovernance_ShaveHagemann_GCRSport.pdf)** | [Blog post](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/05/15/fans-can-influence-how-football-is-run/)
*Ben Shave and Antonia Hagemann, [Supporters Direct](http://www.supporters-direct.org)*

**6.9 [Learning from others: the Kick It Out campaign](/files/content/feature/6.9_LearningFromKickItOut_Bates_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Richard Bates, [Kick It Out](http://www.kickitout.org/)*

**6.10 [Big business blurs sports journalism’s critical eye](/files/content/feature/6.10_BigBusinessBlursJournalism_English_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Peter English, [University of the Sunshine Coast](http://www.usc.edu.au/)*

**6.11** **[New ball game: covering sports, with teams as competitors](/files/content/feature/6.13_NewBallGame_Affleck_GCRSport.pdf)**
*John Affleck, [John Curley Center for Sports Journalism](http://comm.psu.edu/research/centers/john-curley-center-for-sports-journalism/)*

**6.12 [What the anti-corruption movement can bring to sport: the experience of Transparency International Germany](/files/content/feature/6.14_AntiCorruptionMovement_Schenk_GCRSport.pdf)**
*Sylvia Schenk, [Transparency International Germany](http://www.transparency.de)*

### Who's involved in our initiative

Transparency International’s ‘corruption in sport initiative’ is guided by our **Expert Advisory Panel**:

- **Jens Sejer Andersen** International Director, Play the Game [Q&A](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/04/09/what-made-corruption-a-hot-topic-in-sports/)
- **Wolfgang Baumann** Secretary General, TAFISA
- **Paquerette Girard-Zappelli** Secretary, International Olympic Committee Ethics Commission [Q&A](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/07/31/taking-charge-of-ethics-at-the-international-olympic-committee/)
- **Tony Higgins** President, Scottish Professional Footballers’ Association; Vice President, FiFPro Europe Division
- **Jacques Marnewicke** Head of Group Compliance, Sanlam; Chair, UN Global Compact Sub-Working on sport sponsorship and sport-related hospitality
- **Richard Pound** lawyer, Stikeman Elliott LLP; former President, World Anti-Doping Agency; former Vice President of the International Olympic Committee
- **Ben Shave** Development Officer, Supporters Direct Europe [Q&A](http://blog.transparency.org/2015/05/15/fans-can-influence-how-football-is-run/)

The following **Transparency International national chapters** are participating:

- [Center for Anti-Corruption Research and Initiative Transparency International Russia](http://www.transparency.org.ru/)
- [Transparency International Australia](http://www.transparency.org.au/)
- [Transparency International Bangladesh](http://www.ti-bangladesh.org/)
- [Transparency International Finland](http://www.transparency.fi/)
- [Transparency International Germany](http://www.transparency.de/)
- [Transparency International Hungary](http://www.transparency.hu/)
- [Transparency International Italy](http://www.transparency.it/)
- [Transparency International Lithuania](http://www.transparency.lt/new/index.php)
- [Transparency International Spain](http://www.transparencia.org.es/)
- [Yemeni Team for Transparency & Integrity](http://ytti-ye.org/ar/)

**Contributing institutions include**:

- [Africa Centre for Open Governance (AfriCOG)](http://www.africog.org/)
- Alessandri, Bossart & Pacheco Abogados, Chile
- [Amnesty International UK](http://www.amnesty.org.uk/)
- [Asociación de Futbol Profesional de Chile/Federación de Futbol de Chile](http://www.anfp.cl/)
- [Axis Stars](http://www.axisstars.com/)
- BB Consultores, Uruguay
- [Council of Europe, Enlarged Partial Agreement on Sport](http://www.coe.int/t/DG4/EPAS/default_en.asp)
- [Edinburgh Napier University](http://www.napier.ac.uk/faculties/business/Pages/home.aspx)
- [Fair Play Code, Austria](http://www.playfaircode.at/)
- [FiFPro](http://www.fifpro.org/en/)
- [IDHEAP Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration](http://www.idheap.ch/idheap.nsf/vwBaseDocuments/IdActEnglish)
- [Instituto Ethos](http://www3.ethos.org.br/)
- [International Centre for Sports Studies/Centre International d’Etude du Sport](http://http//www.cies.ch/)
- [International Sport and Culture Association](http://www.isca-web.org)
- [International Trade Union Confederation](http://www.ituc-csi.org/)
- [John Curley Center for Sports Journalism](http://comm.psu.edu/research/centers/john-curley-center-for-sports-journalism)
- [Kick It Out](http://www.kickitout.org/)
- [KU Leuven](http://www.kuleuven.be/)
- [M.Inc](http://minc.ch/)
- [Mackenzie Lake Lawyers](http://www.mckenzielake.com/)
- [Mathare Youth Sports Association](http://www.mysakenya.org/)
- [Pennsylvania State University](http://www.psu.edu/)
- [Play the Game](http://www.playthegame.org/)
- [SKINS Compression Clothing](http://www.skins.net/)
- [Michigan Center for Sport Management](http://www.kines.umich.edu/lab/michigan-center-sport-management)
- [Smith College](http://www.smith.edu/)
- [Sports Management Resources](http://www.sportsmanagementresources.com/)
- [Supporters Direct](http://www.supporters-direct.org/)
- [TAFISA](http://www.tafisa.de/)
- [Tax Justice Network](http://www.taxjustice.net/)
- [T.M.C. Asser Instituut](http://www.asser.nl/)
- [UniGlobal](http://www.uniglobalunion.org/)
- [UNESCO](http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/physical-education-and-sport/)
- [Universidade Federal Fluminense](http://www.uff.br/)
- [Universiteit Stellenbosch](http://www.sun.ac.za/english)
- [University of Cardiff](http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/)
- [University of Central Lancashire](http://www.uclan.ac.uk/)
- [University of Colorado](http://www.cu.edu/)
- [University of Massachusetts Amherst](http://www.umass.edu/)
- [University of New Haven](http://www.newhaven.edu/)
- [University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill](http://www.unc.edu/)
- [University of Richmond](http://www.richmond.edu/)
- [University of the Sunshine Coast](http://www.usc.edu.au/)
- [University of Toronto](http://www.utoronto.ca/)
- [University of Zurich](http://www.uzh.ch/index_en.html)
- [Western New England University](https://www.wne.edu/)

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in articles are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of other individuals or organisations involved.

![stadium seats](/images/uploads/feature/Flickr_jaygalvin_stadium_620x50.jpg "Image: Creative Commons, Flickr / jaygalvin")

*Please note: The Corruption in Sport Initiative was launched on 8 April 2015, and is being regularly updated with new articles and analysis.*

### Related blog posts

See our expanding [series of blog posts](http://blog.transparency.org/tag/global-corruption-report-sport/) about corruption in sport.

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