Public Officials Training
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Public ethics are a keystone of good governance. Education and training are ways to provide public servants with the necessary knowledge and ability to act ethically and to resist corruption. They should be complemented by adequate working conditions. |
Codes and Standards
Committee on Standards in Public Life, chaired by Lord Nolan, United Kingdom (1995)The "Seven Principles of Public Life" define the values of public office holders, so that they act in the public interest and do not abuse their position for private or other interests.
Education International Declaration on Professional Ethics (2001)
Education International (EI) is a worldwide trade union organisation of education personnel, whose 26 million members represent all sectors of education. The declaration sets an ethical standard that helps teachers and education personnel respond to questions related to professional conduct. It includes commitments to the profession, as well as to students, parents and colleagues.
Education International Resolution on the Role of Education in Combating Mismanagement and Corruption (2004)
This resolution, adopted by Education International (EI)'s Fourth World Congress in 2004, calls on international institutions to consult with all stakeholders, and particularly teachers' unions, when designing anti-corruption programmes. Furthermore, the EI congress calls on its national affiliates to include teachers' ethics and anti-corruption issues in their training activities, and to address these through their national agendas.
OECD Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Sector (1998)
The OECD Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Sector of 1998 are a point of reference for effective ethics management. They are meant to help governments, although with different cultural, political and administrative environments, to respond to often similar ethical challenges. Two of the 12 principles explicitly refer to education: Ethical guidance and training should be given to public servants, so that they can develop skills for ethical analysis and moral reasoning (principal 3). They should also know their rights and obligations when exposing wrongdoing, and need to be informed about whistleblower protection and other rules and procedures.
UN: International Code of Conduct for Public Officials (1996)
This document details the UN recommendations for action against corruption. The code names three principles: loyalty to the state's institutions, performance of duties with efficiency, in accordance with laws or administrative policies, and with attentiveness, fairness and impartiality. It goes on to set out specific standards of behaviour expected in a series of situations likely to occur in the daily work of public servants.
Resources
Amnesty International: Guide for Human Rights Education of Public Officials (1998)
This "Guide for Good Practice in the Training and Education for Human Rights of Government Officials" outlines elements of effective human rights training programmes. It is a blueprint for good practice and the foundation for monitoring and evaluating training and educational programs on human rights for government officials.
Council of Europe: Model Initiatives Package on Public Ethics at the Local Level (2004)
Aimed at public servants this handbook provides a collection of good practice models for the local level. In addition, information on public ethics in Europe and examples of national initiatives are also included.
Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC), New South Wales, Australia
The Independent Commission Against Corruption provides a number of corruption resistance resources for the public sector, guiding the user through each stage involved. These publications include a 'Do-It-Yourself Corruption Resistance Guide', 'Fighting Fraud Checklists', 'Codes of Conduct' and many more.
OECD: Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Sector - A Toolkit (2003)
The Toolkit produced by the Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate of the OECD provides techniques, resources and strategies for identifying, managing, and preventing Conflict of Interest cases more effectively; and for increasing integrity in public management decision making.
OECD Directorate for Public Governance: Ethics and Corruption in the Public Sector
The OECD's work on public sector ethics and corruption aims to help countries review and reform their "ethics infrastructures", i.e. the institutions, systems and mechanisms they have for promoting ethics and countering corruption in the public service. It also provides a platform for exchange of experiences on recent initiatives.
Transparency International: Anti-Corruption Handbook (2002)
This handbook is a comprehensive reference tool aimed at those working towards anti-corruption reform. Its chapter on public sector ethics explores codes of ethics and challenges facing public officials.
UNHABITAT: Urban Governance Tool Kit (2004)
The UNHABITAT Urban Governance Tool Kit includes 70 case studies from different countries that make excellent teaching material. The case studies illustrate the impact of corruption within the public sector and present solutions, from participatory assessment of corruption and ethics to citizen participation in budgeting and expenditure monitoring.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC): Anti-Corruption Toolkit. 3rd Edition (2004)
This resource provides a modular approach to a broad set of anti-corruption policies and measures, or "tools". It includes both theoretical approaches and their associated practical applications.
UNPAN: Online networkThis site promotes the sharing of knowledge, experiences and best practices throughout the world in the areas of effective public administration and efficient civil service. The site offers online information on training for civil servants, events such as the international public service day as well as advisory services and a wealth of resources.
UNPAN: Public Service Professional Ethics For Africa (Manual/CD-ROM)
This training material focuses on managerial effectiveness, political legitimacy an efficient service delivery. In addition, it also includes accountability for the use of public resources, ethical government and public administration.
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United States Office of Governance Ethics (OGE)
In the United States, the Office of Government Ethics, based in the executive branch, aims to prevent and resolve conflicts of interest on the part of Government employees. The OGE aims at achieving high ethical standards for employees and at strengthening the public's confidence that the Government's business is conducted with impartiality and integrity. The webpage has computer and web-based ethics training resources, on the acceptance of gifts or the misuse of position.
Some examples of organisations that offer anti-corruption training courses for public officials:
Independent Commission Against Corruption, New South Wales, Australia
Public Administration International
Human Rights Education Association
The World Bank
World Bank Institute
United Nations Network in Public Administration and Finance (UNPAN)
U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre
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